Lubricant



Patented Nov. 26, 1940 UNITED STATES;

PATENT OFFlCE' 2,223,129 wnsrcam'r Gail F. Prutton, East Cleveland; Qhio, assignor to The Lubri-Zol Corporation, Wickiifle, Ohio, a

corporation of Ohio No Drawing. Application May 1,1940,

Serial No. 332,782

28 Claims. (Cl. 252-42) This invention relates, as indicated, to lubricating compositions and more particularly to lubricating compositions which are predominantly hydrocarbon oil, the properties of which affecting its use for particular purposes are improved by the addition of materials which are particularly effective in renderingthe lubricants suit able for use under conditions of extreme stress as imposed by high temperatures, high loads, etc. In my co-pending applications, Ser, Nos: 737,-

070, filed July 26, 1934; 216,153, filed June 27, 1938; and 245,226 filed December 12,1938, I have disclosed a broad class of lubricating composi- My present invention relates to the discovery thata certain class of such materials is particularlysuitable for use in lubricants subjected to conditions of extreme stress such as those in- 20 volved in the lubrication of heavily loaded gears,

To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends, said invention, them consists of the means hereinafter fully "described lands particularly pointed out in the claims; the following 35, description setting forth in detail certain ap- ..proved comblnations of ingredients embodying myinvention, such disclosed means constituting, I however, butone of "various forms'in which the principle of the invention maybe used.- 0 Broadly stated, this invention, comprisesthe provision of a lubricating composition for the purposes specified, characterized by the fact that the same contains a lubricating 011, preferably of the hydrocarbon type, as a major constituent 45 with the properties of such composition affecting its a lubricant, especially under -the conditions. specified, by the incorporation therein of a minor amount, based on the amount of lubricating oil present, of a stable, oil-soluble salt of an aromatic acid. I

More especially, my invention comprises the discovery that salts of aromatic acids, of the type which contain a substituent selected from the class consisting of aliphatic and cyclo-ali- 52 phaticradicles, are particularly suited for use.

tions of general utility, particularly inthe field of use where extreme pressures are encountered.

Tm: 01L Bass:

6 The oil base of my lubricating'compositions lsa lubricating oil of the type best suited for the particular use for which the ultimate composition is designed. When the lubricating'compositions of my-invention are designed for the lubrication of automobiles, the oil base will of course preferably consist of a refined mineral lubricating oil of lubricating viscosity: for the m particular point of application. In other words, a conventional gear 011 may be used for the lubrication of the gears and generally a lighter, more highly refined, oil will be used in the crank case.

This invention is applicable to lubricating 'com- 15 positions in which the base may consist either entirely or in part of synthetic oils, hydrogenated oils', and volatilized oils.

The ollbase may also desirably contain other well known constituents such as those which iinprove'the oiliness, pour point, cold test, and oxidation properties, etc., of the oil. In general, compositions of myinvention may be employed with any commercially available addition agents for the above defined purposes since they are generally compatible with the same in the amounts usually used. v

Tan Aonmon 'Aoan're As-above indicated, the addition agents may be generally defined as salts of aromatic acids.

The term salts as used h ein is intendedto include the organic salts of aromatic acids as well as the inorganic'salts of aromatic acids. The inorganic salts such as the metallic salts of arcmatic acids will generally be found to give best results, and of these, those salts in which the metal is present in divalent form, will usually be preferred. a

Thee halogen bearing salts of aromatic acids,

=generally are a broad class of addition agents which have been found to be notably efi'ective. I

.For certain the salts of aromatic acids of the type which contain a substituent (selected from the class consisting of aliphatic radlcles and cyclo-allphatic radlcles have been found very. I useful. This latter class of salts may optionally also contain a halogen such as chlorine.

Due to the nature of the addition agents contemplated to use, they may be conveniently identified.v by st having reference to the vari-.- ous aromatic acids from which the salts may be prepared and by then giving a list of the various radlcles or bases which may be combined with such acids in producing the salts.

In the following table will be found listed a number of aromatic acids.

TABLE I.Aromatic acids Benzoic acid Benzoic acid derivatives: Azobenzoic acid Mercapto benzoic acid Alkylated benzoic acids: Lauryl benzoic acidv Salicyclic acid Salicylic acid derivatives: Alkylated salicylic acids:

Ethyl salicylic acid Heterocyclic acids:

Pyrrole carboxylic'acid 'I'hiophene' carboxylic acid Acetic acid derivatives:

Phenyl acetic acid Diphenyl acetic acid Stearic acid derivatives;

Phenyl stearic acid Phenyl mercapto stearic acid A Xenyl stearic acid Naphthyl stearic acid Tolyl stearic acid Puroic acid Cinnamic acid Phthalic acid Tuloic acid Mercapto rosolic acid Naphthyloic acid Any of the corresponding thio acids.

Any of the foregoing which have been halogenated.

In the preparation of those salts of aromatic acids of the type in which the aromatic acid is of the class which contains a substituent selected from the class consisting of aliphatic radicles and 4 cyclo-aliphatic radicles, such acids may be conveniently prepared either by:

(1) Condensing an aromatic compound with (a) An aliphatic unsaturated acid, or (b) A halogenated aliphatic acid, or (c) A cyclo-aliphatic unsaturated acid, or (d) A halogenated cyclo-aliphatic acid; or

by (2) Condensing an aromatic acid with (a) An unsaturated aliphatic compound, or I 76 Chlor-retene The following is a listof aliphatic'unsaturated acids which may be used as one of the components of the condensation reactions identified under (1) (a) above. in the preparation of aromatic acids from which salts may be accordingly 5 prepared. A

TABLE III-Aliphatic unsaturated acids Vinyl acetic acid Vinyl acrylic acid 10 Vinyl glycolic acid Acrylic acid Crotonic acid Oleic acid Linolenic acid l5 Maleic acid Fumaric acid Linoleic acid Elaeostearic acid Propiolic acid 20 Stearolic acid Methyl acrylic Beta pentanoic acid Undecylenic Myristolenic 25 Palmitolenic In the following table are given a number of representative examples of halogenated aliphatic acids which may be used in the condensation reactions identified under I above.

TABLE IV.Halogenated aliphatic acids Chlorstearic acid Chloracetic acid Chlorlauric acid Chlorpalmitic acid Dichloroleic acid Chlorbutyric acid Chlorricinoleic acid Chlorlactic acid 40 Chlorcitric acid Chlorsuccinic acid Chlormyristic acid As well as the chlor derivatives of all of the acids given in Table In above. a

In the following table are given representative examples of cyclo -aliphatic unsaturated acids which may be used as one component of the condensation reaction identified under (1) '(b) above.

TABLE V.Cyclo-aliphatic unsaturated acids Chaulmoogric acid Hydrocarpic acid In the-following table are given certain repre- '55 sentative examples of halogenated cyclo-aliphatic acids which may be used as one of the components of the condensation reaction referred to under (1) (0) above. I a

a 00 TABLE VI.- HaZ0genated weld-aliphatic acids Chlorinated naphthenic acids Chlorhexahydrobenzoic acid Chlorchaulmoogric acid Chlorhydrocarp'ic acid When the second type of condensation reaction is employed, i. e., that identified under (2) above, where an aromatic acid is condensed with an aliphatic compound, the aromatic acid may be any of the acids given in Table I above.

When-the condensation reaction of the type identified under (2) (a) above is employed, the

unsaturated aliphatic compounds, which may be used in such condensatiomreaction, may be any of those listed in the following table.

o Cyclohexene 'ruu vim-Unsaturated compounds Ethylene- Propylene Butylene 5 lsobutylene Decene Acetylene Butadiene Allene m Am'ylene y well as those unsaturated products de-" rived from petroleum and petroleum fractions and derivatives such as paramn wax as by cracking or for example removal of HCl by NaOH from monochlor paraillns. The unsaturated products derived from cracked gasoline, gas oil etc. will be found particularly useful.

Q5 In the following table are listed a number of representative halogenated aliphatic *compounds which may be used as one of the components of the condensation reaction -identified under (2) (b) above.

TAnLr: VIII-Halogenated aliphatic compounds Ethyl chloride Butyl chloride Amyl chloride 'Lauryl chloride Benzyl chloride Ethylene dichloride Carbon tetrachloride Chlorparaflin mu:

:5 Chlornaphth'a Chlor decane Amyl dichloride Chlorinated aliphatic paraflin derivatives as well as the chlorinated derivatives of the 0 various materials and compoundslisted in Table VIII above.

In the following table are listed a number of specific examples of unsaturated cyclo-aliphatic compounds which may be employed as components of the condensation reaction identified under (2) (c) i above.

Tsar: Ix.Unsaturated wold-aliphatic compound;

Cyclohexa'diene Cyclopntene Cyclobutene In the following table are listed a number. of

,representative examples of h'alo'genated cycleallphatic compounds whichmay be employed as one .of the components of the condensation reaction identified under (2) (d) above.

GOTABLZ x.-Haloaenated cycle-aliphatic cowhpounds Chlorcyclobutane s Chlorcyclopentane o5 Chlorethylcyclobutane Chlorcyclohexane v Dichloroyclohexane Chlorcycloparamn .Chlorcyclopentane 70 The "various aromatic acids, either those specifically identified in Table I above or those prepared by the various condensation reactions above identified, may, as previously indicated, be

combined with either an organic radicle or base 76 in the preparation of organic salts or with in! organic bases in the preparation of the inor-. ganic salts. i

In the following table will be found listed a number of organic radicles or bases'which may thus be employedln the Preparation of organic I salts of aromatic acids.

'rsau III-Organic radicles or base: Amino compounds such as:

Monoethanolamine Diethanolamine Triethanolamine Analine I Benzylamine 1 Laurylamine Diphenylamine 'Iriphenylamine Diethylamine Triethylamine Putrescine Nitrogen ring compounds, such as:

Pyrimidine ne Phenazine Quinazoline Pyrolline Pyrldazin'e Picoline Pyrazole I Pyridine Quinoline Pyrrole Piperldene 'I'hiazole 8 Carbazole Phenoxazine Phenthiazine Indole Indoxyl I v 4o- Thiodiaz'ole I I Oxygen-bearing ring compounds, such as:

'v-pyr n I Among thespeciflc organic salts of aromatic 45 acids which may thus be prepared for use, may be listed the following as illustrative examples.

Team: XlL-Organric salts In the followingtable are listeda number of inorganic radicles which maybe combined with any of the aromatic acids given above in the production of inorganic salts of aromaticacids which may be used as addition agents inthe lubricating compositions of my invention.

TABLE Ink-Inorganic follicles Sodium Potassium Ammonium Lithium M sium calcium '"j.

/ TAau: XIIL-Inorgahic radicles--Continued Strontium Barium i Cobalt Zinc Nickel Manganese Aluminum Chromium Stannous Lead Copper Cadmium Bismuth Silver Mercury Vanadyl (V05) In the following table are given a list of representative inorganic salts which may be produced by the .combination of certain of the aromatic acids above identified with certain of the inorganic radicles of Table XllI above.

TABLE XIV .Inorganic salts Calcium diphenyl acetate Magnesium diphenyl acetate Nickel diphenyl acetate Cobalt diphenyl acetate Stannous diphenyl acetate Sodium phenyl stearate Potassium phenyl stearate Ammonium phenyl stearate Lithium phenyl stearate Magnesium phenyl stearate Calcium phenyl stearate Strontium phenyl stearate Barium phenyl stearate Cobalt phenyl stearate Zinc phenyl stearate Nickel phenyl stearate Manganese phenyl stearate Aluminum phenyl stearate Chromium phenyl stearate Stannous phenyl stearate Copper phenyl stearate Cadmium phenyl stearate Silver phenyl stearate Vanadyl phenyl stearate Calcium phenyl mercapto stearate Magnesium phenyl mercapto stearate Nickel phenyl mercapto stearate Cobalt phenyl mercapto stearate Stannous phenyl mercapto stearate Calcium xenyl stearate Magnesium xenyl stearate Nickel xenyl stearate Cobalt xenyl stearate Stannous xenyl stearate Calcium naphthyl stearate. Magnesium' naphthyl stearate Nickel naphthyl stearate Cobalt naphthyl stearate Stannous naphthyl stearate Calcium tolyl stearate Magnesium tolyl stearate Nickel tolyl stearate Cobalt tolyl stearate Stannous tolyl stearate Magnesium butyl phthalate (salt-ester) Calcium butyl phthalate (salt-ester) Nickel butyl phthalate (salt-ester) Cobalt butyl phthalate (salt-ester) Aluminum butyl phthalate (salt-ester) Calcium decyl phthalate (salt-ester) TABLE XIV.-Inorgam'c salts+Continued c- Stannous lauryl phthalate (salt-ester) Magnesium mercapto rosolate Calcium mercapto rosolate Nickel mercapto rosolate Cobalt mercapto rosolate Aluminum mercapto rosolate The halogen-bearing salts corresponding to the foregoing holagen-free salts will be found 0t 7 utility and the following are particularly useful:

Calcium chlor phenyl v stearate Sodium chlor phenyl stearate Magnesium chlor phenyl stearate Calcium chlor naphthyl palmitate Stannous chlor phenyl palmitate Calcium chlor phenyl laurate Sodium chlor phenyl laurate Nickel chlor phenyl laurate Cobalt chlor phenyl laurate Stannous chlor phenyl laurate Calcium chlor phenyl palmitate Sodium chlor phenyl palmitate Nickel chlor phenyl palmitate Cobalt chlor phenyl palmitate Stannous chlor phenyl palmitate Calcium chlor phenyl myristate Sodium chlor phenyl myristate Nickel chlor phenylmyristate Cobalt chlor phenyl myristate Stannous chlor phenylmyristate Calcium chlor naphthyl laurate Sodium chlor naphthyl laurate Nickel chlor naphthyl laurate Cobalt chlor naphthyl laurate Stannous chlor naphthyl laurate Calcium chlor naphthyl palmitate Sodium chlor xenyl Sodium chlor xenyl myristate Nickel chlor xenyl myristate Cobalt chlor xenyl myristate Stannous chlor xenyl myristate Calcium chlor toluyl lauratef Sodium chlor toluyl laurate Nickel chlor toluyl laurate Cobalt chlor toluyl laurate Stannous chlor toluyl laurate Calcium chlor toluyl palmitate Sodium chlor toluylpalmitate Nickel chlor toluyl palmitate Tsar: X[V.ino'rymnic salts-Oontinued aromatic acid produced by condensing paraflln wax hydrocarbons with benzoic acid. The salts produced by combining the metals of Table XIII with an aromatic acid such as .with benzoic acid, toluic acid or salicylic acid having one or more long aliphatic groups condensed onto the ring structure.

Calcium lauryl toluate Cobalt lauryl toluate Nickel lauryl toluate Stannous lauryl toluate ide to prepare, for example, thesodium soap of the acid, and then treating such soap with another salt in the-preparation of a salt ofa dif :erentinorganic radicle. I'hu.s, for example, th methyl ester of chlofrphenylstearic 'acid may be.

reacted with sodium hydroxide in the production of sodium chlorphenylstearate which is in turn reacted with calcium chloride in the production of calcium chlorphenyl stcarate.

.It may be preferable to prepare the ester, employed in the foregoing preparation. of the salt, where such ester is one of an aromatic acid belonging to classification 2 on page 2 above; by condensing an ester of an aromatic acid with an unsaturated compound or halogenated organic compoundinstead of condensing the aromatic acid-itself with such compound. For example, in the preparation of salts of stearoyl benzoic acid, methyl benzoate maybe-condensed with stearoyl chloride to form methyl stearoyl benzoate, this-estefisaponifled with sodium hydroxide, and the resulting sodium salt reacted with magnesium chloride in aqueous solution to form magnesium stearoyl benzoate. An example of the preparation of magnesium stearoyl benzoate in detail isas follows:

A mixture of 1 mole each of methyl'benzoate I and stearoyl chloride is dissolved in an equal weight-of carbon bisulphide. One'mole of anhydrous aluminum chloride is added slowly with,

being refluxed until the aqueous solution is ap-- proximately neutral. One-half mole? of magnesium chloride isadded in the form of an aqueous Salts of any of the metals of Table xm with an u 3 solution' which causes the precipitation of magnesium stearoyl' benzoate. The water layer 1' decanted from the precipitate which is then dissolved in benzol and dried by'removing' the benzol and water by distilling under vacuums e resulting product was dissolved in a naphthenic type oil in a concentration of 1% and found to materially improve the oil when used in an internal combustion engine, particularly in preventing the formation of harmful deposits on the piston and piston rings.

Included among the compounds contemplated for use by this invention are stable oil soluble salt-esters of polybasic aromatic acids. These may be formed for example by neutralizing an 15 old ester of 'a polybasic aromatic acid 'with a asef or by partially saponifying a neutral ester of'a polybasic aromatic acid with a base so that 5 each molecule of the saponifled materialretains at least one ester groupin addition to at least one basic group. v

Examples-of such compounds are the salt-esters of the following:

1. Benzene polycarboxylic acids, e.- g. I Phthalic acids Trimesic acid Trimellitic acid 'I-Iemimellitic acid Pyromellitic acid Mellophanic acid Prehnitic acid Benzenepentacarboxylic acid. I 2. Naphthalene polycarboxylic acids, e. g. Naphthalic acids 8. Pyridine polyc'arboxylic acids, e. g.

' Lutidinic acid Dipicolinic acid Cynchomeronic acid Isocynchom'eronic acid Dinicotinic acid Alpha-carbocynchomeronic acid Beta-carbocynchomeronic acid Berberonic acid Trimesitinic acid Pyridine tetracarboxyli c acid Pyridine pentacarboxylic acid 4;. Pyrrole polycarboxylic acids 5. Quinoline polycarboxylic acids 6. Thiophene polycarboxylic acids 7. Thiazole polyoarboxylic acide 8. Diphenyl polycarboxylic a'cids, e. g.

. Diphenic acid I 9. Dibenzyl polycarboxylic acids 10. Anthracene polycarboxylic acids- 11. Phenanthrene polycarboxylic acids -12. Thianthrene polycarboxylic acids .Where such salt-esters are employed, it will generally be found advantageous-to have at least one of the ester groups consist ofan aliphatic m or. cyclo-aliphatic group and preferably one containifig 'four or more carbonvatoms. For example, salts ofthe acid butyl or amyl esters-of phthalic acid have been found suitable.

Specific examples of these salt-esters have been 55 so labeled in the principal listof specific examples given above. I

In view of the particular uses for which my compounded lubricants are intended, .it is appareat that of the salts included in the foregoing 7o enumeration of the addition agents which may be employed, those which are readily oil-soluble are the ones'preferred for use; Whenthese compounded oils are designed for use under conditions where high ;temperaturesare. usually en- 7.

'70 pose under conditions of extreme stress such as countered, the addition agentsshould be stable at elevated temperatures. For use in crankcase lubricants for internal combustion engines, they should preferably be stable to the extent where there will be substantially no decomposition,

.when the lubricating composition is exposed to temperatures up to 250 F.

The addition agents which are to be selected from the class described should be such that they are relatively non-corrosive with respect to the which case an appropriate corrosion inhibitor may be employed in conjunction therewith in the composition.

A lubricating composition prepared in accordance with my invention and which is predominantly hydrocarbon oil' may contain from an effective amount'to. 20% of the salt addition agent above identified. In general, it will be found that an amount as low as .1%--will often be quite effective and that amounts in excess of 10% are seldom necessary. A preferred range of concentrations for the salt in theoil is from 25% to about 2%.

It is also 'within vention to provide the addition agents in the form of a concentrate in a suitable oil, said oil containing rather high percentages of the addition agents. further'blending with a lubricating oil in the proportions desired for the particular conditions of use.

While mineral oil, generally, is the principal;

ingredient of the lubricant, it is not essential that it be the only ingredient other than the ad dition agents, provided that there be no additional ingredient which is incompatible with such addition agent. It is within the contemplation of this invention to include, if neces'sary'or desirable, such other addition agents as are commonly added to improve the viscosity index or cold test of the lubricants; and a lubricating.

composition according to this invention which also has a separate film-strength or oiliness increasing agent has been found to be especially effective. I

When used in conjunction with a hydrocarbon lubricating oil, it is obvious that, generally, only such amounts'of the addition agent may be included as are soluble in the specified amount of oil. By the term soluble, as. herein used, it is intended to indicate the ability to form not only true solutions but also any form of substantially permanently homogeneouscomposition when incorporated in niineral oil. With most of the compounds there is' usually little difiiculty, especially if the incorporation is efiected in the manner described in Cornell Patent No. 2,042,880, and since quite small percentages often give remarkably improved results, it is seldom of extreme importance that the addition agents be oil-soluble in all proportions. Also, certain compounds are of. value as gelling or bodying agents when used in amounts greater than are strictly soluble.

The addition agents above enumerated for use in my compoundedlubricants include certain ones which may be found to at least partially decomthe contemplation of this in- Such concentrates may be employed for therefore determines the particular type of addition agent to be selected. A certain amount of decomposition, which proceeds at a relatively slow rate, is usually not harmful. Care should be exercised, however, to selectfor a particular set of operating conditions, an addition-agent which in the oil base used, will not decompose under such operating conditions except at a low rate. By the term stable as used herein in describing the addition agents is meant the characteristic of the addition agents which enables them to resist decomposition in the oil under the condition of use for which the lubricating composition is designed. I i

The lubricating. compositions of this invention may be prepared by first preparing the salt and then dissolving the salt in the oilbase, or they may be prepared by reacting the acid in solution in all or a portion of the oil with a suitable basic ing the acid in an aqueous solution of caustic soda or caustic potash. The aqueous salt solution is then emulsified with oil and a water-soluble salt containing the cation of the desired salt is added to the mixture. The desiredsalt is thus precipitated from the aqueous medium and subsequently or simultaneously dissolved by the oil medium.

Separation of the aqueous and oil layers is then effected for example by settling or centrifuging. Subsequent water-washing of the oil solution to remove traces of inorganic salts may be desirable, and removal of moisture may also be required.

It will be observed that all of the specific examples of addition agents for use in my improved lubricating composition may be defined as salts of aromatic acids, which salts contain the radicle in which X is an element of the class consisting of oxygen and sulphur and M is a member of the class consisting of metals and-basic radicles.

This application is a continuation-inpart of my aforesaid co-pending applications Serial 'Num-bers 737,070, 216,153 and 245,226.

Other modes of applying the principle of the invention may be'employed, change being 'made as regards the details described, provided the fea. tures stated in any of the followingclaims or the equivalent of such be employed.

I therefore particularly point out and distinctly claim as my invention: i

1. A lubricating composition containing as a principal lubricating constituent a major amount of a mineral lubricating oil with the properties of such composition affecting its use as a lubricant improved by incorporating therein a minor amount of a stable oil-soluble salt of an aromatic acid which salt contains the radicle Jf-x-M in which X an element of theclass consisting of oxygen and sulphur and M is a member of the class consistingv of metals and basic radicles.

v asaaias 2. A lubricating composition containing as av cant improved by incorporating thereina minor principal lubricating constituent a major amount or amineral lubricating oil with the properties of such composition affecting its use as a lubricant improved by incorporating therein a minor amount of a stableoil-solublemetaliic salt or an aromatic acid which salt contains the radicle t x M l0 in which X is an element of the class consisting of O ygen and sulphur and M is a member of the class consisting of metals and basic radicles'.

3. A lubricating composition containing as a principal lubricating constituent a major amount of a mineral lubricating oil with the-properties of such composition affecting its use as a lubricant improved by incorporating therein a minor amount of a stable oil-soluble halogen bearin salt of an aromatic acid. v

4. A lubricating composition-containing as a principal lubricating constituent a major amount of a mineral lubricating oil with the properties of such composition affecting its use .as a lubricant improved by incorporating therein a minor amount'oi a stable oil-soluble halogen bearing metallic salt of an aromatic acid. V

5. A lubricating" composition containing as a principal lu bricating constituent a major amount of a mineral lubricating oil with the properties of such composition afl'ecting its use as a lubricant improved by incorporating therein a minor amount of a stable oil-soluble salt of a halogenated aromatic acid.

45 such composition afl'ecting its use as a lubricant improved by incorporating therein a minor amount of a stable oil-soluble metallicsaltof an alkylated aromatic acid,

8.-A lubricating composition containing as a principal lubricating constituent a major amount V 01. a mineral lubricating oil with the properties of such composition aflecting its use as a lubricant improved by incorporating therein a minor amount of a stable oil-soluble halogen bearing "metallic salt of an alkylated aromatic acid.

9. A lubricating composition'containing as a v principal lubricating constituent a major amount of a mineral lubricatingbil with the properties of such: composition aflecting its use as a lubricant improved by incorporating therein 841113101"- -amount of a stable oil-soluble salt of an aromatic acid containing a substituent selected from the 7 "class consisting oi aliphatic and cyclo-aliphatic radicles.

principal lubricating constituent a major amount of amineral lubricating oil with the properties oi suchcomposition afl'ecting its use a lubricant improved by incorporating there a minor 0 amount of a stable'oil-soluble salt of an aromatic substituent.

6. A lubricating composition containing as a- -principal lubricating constituent a major amount oft a mineral lubricating oil with the properties 10. A lubricating composition containing as'a 7 amount 01' a stable oil-soluble salt 01' an aromatic acid containing a cyclo-aliphatic substituent.

,12. A lubricating composition containing as a principal lubricating constituent a major amount 5 or a mineral lubricating oil withthe properties of such composition afiecting its use as a lubricant improved by incorporating therein a minor amount of a stable oil-soluble metallic salt'oi an -aromatic acid containing a substituent selected from the class consisting of aliphatic and cycloaliphatic radicles. v i I 13. A lubricating composition containing as a principal lubricating constituent a major amount of a mineral lubricating oil with the properties of such composition affecting its use as a lubricant improved by incorporating therein 1 a minor amount of a stable oil-soluble metallic salt of an aromatic acid containing an aliphatic substituent. N 1

14. A lubricating composition containing as aprincipal lubricatingconstituent a major amount of a mineral lubricating oil withthe properties of such co nposition affectingits use as a lubricant improved by incorporating therein -a minor amount oi. a stable oil-soluble metallic saltgoi an aromatic :acidcontaining a cycle-aliphatic 15. -A lubricating composition containing as a principal lubricating constituent a major amount of a mineral lubricating .oil with the properties oi. such composition aflecting its use as a lubricant improved by incorporating therein a, minor amount of a stable oil-soluble divalent metallic salt of an aromatic acid containing a substituent 35.

cycle-aliphatic radicles. 1 i

16. A lubricating composition containing as a principal lubricating constituent a major amount ofa mineral lubricating oil with the properties or such composition'afl'ecting its use as a'lubricant improved by incorporating therein a minor amount of a stable oil-soluble, halogen bearing salt-of an aromatic acid containing a substituent selected from the class consisting of aliphatic and cyclo-aliphatic radicles.

17. A lubricating composition containing as a principal lubricating constituent a major amount of a mineral lubricating oil with the properties of such composition aflecting its use as a lubricant improved by incorporating therein a minor amount ofa stable oil-soluble; halogen bearing vmetallic salt or an aromatic acid containing a substituent selected from the class consisting oi! aliphatic and cycle-aliphatic radicles.

18 A lubricating composition containing as a g principal lubricating constituent a major amount 01' a mineral lubricating oil with the properties Oflblltih composition affecting its use as a lubricant improved by incorporating therein a minor amount or a stable oil-soluble salt for an aromatic acid ot'the type which may be produced by condensing an aromatic acid with angunsaturated aliphatic compound.- I g 19. A lubricatingvcomposition containing as a principal lubricating constituent a major amount 01 a mineral lubricating oil with the properties of such composition aflecting its use as a lubricant improved by. incorporating therein a minor amount 01' a stable oil soluplesalt or an-aromatic W acid of the type which maybe produced by condensing a halogenated aromatic acid' with an unsaturated, aliphatic compound. g 20. A. lubricatingcomposition containing as. a

selected from the class consisting of aliphatic and principal lubricating constituent a major amount of a mineral lubricating oil with the properties of such composition afiecting its use as a lu-' bricant improved by incorporating therein a minor amount of a stable oil-soluble salt of an aromatic'acid of the type which may be produced by condensing an aromatic acid with a halogenated aliphatic compound.

21. A lubricating composition containing as a principal lubricating constituent a major amount of a mineral lubricating oil with the properties of such composition affecting its use as a lubricant improved by incorporating therein a minor amount of a stable oil-soluble salt of an aromatic acid of the type which may be produced by condensing an aromatic acid with an unsaturated cyclo-aliphatic compound,

properties of such composition afiecting its use as a'lubricant improved by incorporating therein a minor amount of a stable oil-soluble salt of an aromatic acid of the type which may be produced by condensing an aromatic compound with an unsaturated aliphatic acid.

24. A.- lubricating composition containing as a principal lubricating constituent a major amount of a mineral lubricating oil with the properties of such composition affecting its use as a lubricant improved by incorporating therein a minor amount of a stable oil-soluble salt of an aromatic acid of the type which may be 10 produced by condensing an aromatic compound with a halogenated aliphatic acid.

25. A lubricating composition containing as a principal lubricating constituent a major amount of a mineral lubricating oil with the properties of such composition affecting its use as a lubricant improved by incorporating therein a minor amount of a stable oil-soluble salt of an aromatic acid of the type which may be produced by condensing an aromatic compound with an unsaturated cyclo-aliphatic acid.

26'. A lubricating composition containingas a principal lubricating constituent. a major amount of amineral lubricating oil with the properties of such composition affecting its use as a lubricant improved by incorporating therein a minor. amount of a stable oil-soluble salt of an aromatic acid of the type which may be produced by condensing an aromatic compound with a halogenated cyclo-aliphatic acid. 30

CARL F. PRUTTON. 

